Punjab had average highest gross returns from moong during the season
During the 2021-22 kharif marketing season, tur/arhar (pigeon pea) had the highest average gross returns among pulses.
As per the calculations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP), the average gross returns of tur/arhar over CoC A2 (paid-out cost) and A2+FL (paid-out cost plus imputed value of family labour) during the triennium ending (TE) 2021-22 were Rs 32,617 per hectare (ha) or Rs 13,046.8 per acre (1 hectare=2.5 acres) and Rs 24,038 per ha (Rs 9,615.2 per acre), respectively mainly due to higher yield.
In its ‘Price Policy for Kharif Crops: Marketing Season 2023-24’, CACP stated that returns per hectare over A2 cost were the lowest for urad (black gram) at Rs 13,265 due to higher paid-out cost of production, and over A2+FL for moong (green gram) at Rs 6,359 owing to higher cost on family labour.
Moong and urad have significantly lower cost of cultivation than tur. However, returns from tur were higher than moong and urad due to its significantly higher yield.
Returns as percentage over A2 cost were highest in moong (100.1%), and lowest in urad (69.7%), while returns as percentage over A2+FL cost was highest in tur (56.7%), and lowest in moong (25.3%).
Uttar Pradesh (Rs 58,213 per ha) recorded the highest returns over A2 cost for tur, while Karnataka (Rs 17,110 per ha) had the lowest. The highest returns over A2+FL cost was realised in Maharashtra (Rs 42,030 per ha) and lowest in Telangana (Rs 8,254 per ha).
In moong, per hectare returns over A2 and A2+FL costs were highest for Punjab at Rs 75,256 and Rs 72,719, respectively mainly due to higher yield, while returns over cost A2 were lowest for Telangana (Rs 4,747), and over cost A2+FL for Maharashtra (Rs 548). An average loss of Rs 5,431 per ha was incurred by the farmers of Uttar Pradesh in moong cultivation.
Per hectare returns over A2 and A2+FL costs for urad were highest for West Bengal at Rs 53,455 and Rs 41,003, respectively, and lowest for Madhya Pradesh at Rs 4,877 and Rs 783, respectively mainly due to lower prices.
All-India average gross returns over actual paid-out cost of kharif cereals during TE 2021-22 (from 2019-20 to 2021-22)
| Crop | CoC A2 | GVO | Gross returns over CoC A2 | |
| Rs per hectare | Rs per hectare (Column 3-Column 2) | Percentage (Column 4/Column 2*100) | ||
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 | Column 4 | Column 5 |
| Tur/arhar | 33,804 | 66422 | 32,618 | 96.5% |
| Urad | 15,761 | 31,536 | 15,775 | 100.1% |
| Moong | 19,034 | 32,299 | 13,265 | 69.7% |
Source: CACP calculation using CS data
GVO: Gross value of output
A2: Paid-out cost
Note 1: Average gross returns are for 2019-20 and 2021-22 for moong in Punjab and West Bengal Pradesh and 2020-21 and 2021-22 for urad in Himachal Pradesh, due to unavailability of data.
Note 2: All-India CoC, GVO and gross returns of a crop are weighted average of respective CoC, GVO and gross returns of projected states
All-India average gross returns over actual paid-out cost plus imputed family labour of kharif cereal crops during TE 2021-22 (from 2019-20 to 2021-22)
| Crop | CoC A2+FL | GVO | Gross returns over CoC A2 | |
| Rs per hectare | Rs per hectare (Column 3-Column 2) | Percentage (Column 4/Column 2*100) | ||
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 | Column 4 | Column 5 |
| Tur/arhar | 42,384 | 66422 | 24,038 | 56.7% |
| Urad | 25,177 | 31,536 | 6,359 | 25.3% |
| Moong | 25,409 | 32,299 | 6,890 | 27.1% |
Source: CACP calculation using CS data
GVO: Gross value of output
A2: Paid-out cost
Note 1: Average gross returns are for 2019-20 and 2021-22 for moong in Punjab and West Bengal Pradesh and 2020-21 and 2021-22 for urad in Himachal Pradesh, due to unavailability of data.
Note 2: All-India CoC, GVO and gross returns of a crop are weighted average of respective CoC, GVO and gross returns of projected States
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