Punjab had highest returns; Maharashtra farmers incurred net loss for paddy cultivation
Paddy had the highest average gross returns over the cost of cultivation (CoC) for kharif (summer-sown) cereal crops in the 2021-22 kharif marketing season in India.
As per the calculations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP), the average gross returns of paddy over CoC A2 (paid-out cost) and A2+FL (paid-out cost plus imputed value of family labour) during the triennium ending (TE) 2021-22 were Rs 35,919 per hectare (ha) or Rs 14,367.6 per acre (1 ha=2.5 acres) and Rs 23,495 per ha (Rs 9,398 per acre) respectively.
In its ‘Price Policy for Kharif Crops: Marketing Season 2023-24’, CACP stated that the gross returns in cultivation of paddy over A2 and A2+FL costs per hectare were highest for Punjab at Rs 88,287 per ha and Rs 82,037 per ha respectively. The returns over A2 cost were lowest for Jharkhand (Rs 18,053 per ha), and over A2+FL cost for West Bengal (Rs 2,357 per ha).
Farmers of Maharashtra incurred net loss of Rs 13,618 per ha and Rs 25,344 per ha respectively over A2 and A2+FL costs in paddy farming.
In jowar, gross returns over A2 and A2+FL costs per hectare were highest for Andhra Pradesh at Rs 47,010 and Rs 43,692 respectively mainly due to significantly higher yield. Returns over A2 cost were lowest for Rajasthan (Rs 14,151 per ha), and over A2+FL cost for Maharashtra (Rs 7,019 per ha). Farmers of Rajasthan growing jowar crop incurred a net loss of Rs 5,597 per ha over A2+FL cost.
For bajra, the highest returns over A2 and A2+FL costs per hectare were realised in Gujarat at Rs 40,735 and Rs 29,107, respectively mainly due to higher yield. The lowest returns over A2 cost were recorded in Maharashtra (Rs 18,047 per ha), and over A2+FL cost for Rajasthan (Rs 5,278 per ha).
In maize, highest returns over A2 and A2+FL costs per hectare were for Andhra Pradesh at Rs 61,251 and Rs 56,811, respectively mainly due to significantly higher yield, while lowest returns over A2 cost were for Punjab (Rs 13,258 per ha), and over A2+FL cost for Rajasthan Rs 2,387 per ha). Farmers of Odisha incurred an average loss of Rs 922 over A2+FL cost in maize cultivation.
Gross returns over A2 cost of ragi were highest for Karnataka (Rs 18,641 per ha), and lowest for Odisha (Rs 11,061 per ha). Returns for ragi over A2+FL were highest for Tamil Nadu (Rs 5,525 per ha), and lowest for Karnataka (Rs 2,773 per ha). Farmers growing ragi in Odisha realised an average loss of Rs 6,412 per hectare over A2+FL cost.
All-India average gross returns over actual paid-out cost of kharif cereals during TE 2021-22 (from 2019-20 to 2021-22)
| Crop | CoC A2 | GVO | Gross returns over CoC A2 | |
| Rs per hectare | Rs per hectare (Column 3-Column 2) | Percentage (Column 4/Column 2*100) | ||
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 | Column 4 | Column 5 |
| Paddy | 43,990 | 79,310 | 35,919 | 82.8% |
| Jowar | 27,525 | 44,592 | 17,067 | 62% |
| Bajra | 19,028 | 41,087 | 22,059 | 115.9% |
| Maize | 37,498 | 68,212 | 30,714 | 81.9% |
| Ragi | 39,443 | 57,401 | 17,598 | 45.5% |
Source: CACP calculation using CS data
GVO: Gross value of output
A2: Paid-out cost
Note 1: Average gross returns are for 2019-20 and 2021-22 for jowar in Madhya Pradesh and 2019-20 for ragi in Tamil Nadu, due to unavailability of data.
Note 2: All-India CoC, GVO and gross returns of a crop are weighted average of respective CoC, GVO and gross returns of projected States
All-India average gross returns over actual paid-out cost plus imputed family labour of kharif cereal crops during TE 2021-22 (from 2019-20 to 2021-22)
| Crop | CoC A2+FL | GVO | Gross returns over CoC A2 | |
| Rs per hectare | Rs per hectare (Column 3-Column 2) | Percentage (Column 4/Column 2*100) | ||
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 | Column 4 | Column 5 |
| Paddy | 55,815 | 79,310 | 23,495 | 42.1% |
| Jowar | 37,377 | 44,592 | 7,214 | 19.3% |
| Bajra | 32,793 | 41,087 | 8,294 | 25.3% |
| Maize | 47,964 | 68,212 | 20,247 | 42.2% |
| Ragi | 55,124 | 57,401 | 2,277 | 4.1% |
Source: CACP calculation using CS data
GVO: Gross value of output
A2+FL: Paid-out cost plus imputed family labour
Note 1: Average gross returns are for 2019-20 and 2021-22 for jowar in Madhya Pradesh and 2019-20 for ragi in Tamil Nadu, due to unavailability of data.
Note 2: All-India CoC, GVO and gross returns of a crop are weighted average of respective CoC, GVO and gross returns of projected States
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2020-21 ਸਾਉਣੀ ਮੌਸਮ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਅਨਾਜ ਫ਼ਸਲਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਕਲ ਆਮਦਨ
2021-22 खरीफ मौसम में अनाज फ़सलों पर सकल प्राप्ति